OLINK TECHNOLOGY NEWS---- HEAHA KE WIRING HARNESS?
ʻO nā kaula uwea he mau hui me nā uwea hoʻopau he nui i ʻoki ʻia a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha.Mālama kēia mau hui i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka wā hana kaʻa.Hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e hoʻohana i nā wahi liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kaʻa, e hāʻawi i ka pale hou i ka uea, a e hāʻawi i nā wahi paʻa paʻa, a laila e kōkua ai i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pilikia o ka haʻalulu, friction, a me nā pōʻino ʻē aʻe.
EEHI NA LILI O KE KAA?
Loaʻa i nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa no nā ʻōnaehana he nui ma luna o ka papa, e like me: ka pākaukau a me ka lako mana, nā hoʻonohonoho hoʻāla, ke kolamu hoʻokele, ka mana holo moana, anti-lock braking, hōʻailona (dashboard) cluster, nā kukui o loko, ka palekana o loko a me ka palekana, mua- nā kukui hoʻopau, nā kukui hope, nā puka (nā laka a me nā mana puka makani), nā uea kiʻi trailer-hitch, a me nā mea hou aku, nā ʻōnaehana kamera hope, nā pili kelepona a me nā bluetooth, a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokele GPS a i ʻole ka satellite.Hoʻokahi manaʻo, pili i ka hui hoʻāʻo wili ʻana ʻo Cirris Systems ma Assembly magazine, ʻo ka awelika helu o nā harnesses no kēlā me kēia kaʻa he 20.
KA NUI O KA Uea a me ka hoopau ana
ʻO kahi kaʻa paʻa a "C-class" he 1.2 km o ka uea i loko, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 90% o kēia he 0.5 mm ke anawaena, a ʻoi aku paha, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana ma CRU's 2012 Wire and Cable Conference na Francois Schoeffler o Acome.ʻO ka papa paʻi ka nui loa o kēlā me kēia māhele.I ka makahiki 2013, hana nā mea hana kaʻa i 26 miliona mau kaʻa paʻa - 30% o ka hana kaʻa a me nā kaʻa māmā o ka makahiki.ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka 30 miliona km o ka uea insulated i hoʻohana ʻia no nā kaʻa compact i ka makahiki i hala.
Ua ʻōlelo ka mea hana kaʻa Kelemania ʻo BMW i nā ʻōnaehana mana i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona nui loa e hiki ke loaʻa i ka 3 km o ka uea a me nā ʻōnaehana kelepona a hiki i ka 60 kg.Ma kahi hōʻike 2013 no ka Electrical Wire Processing Technology Expo, ʻo Kauka Don Price, he luna me Ford Motor Co. a me ka US Council for Automotive Research, ua ʻike ʻia aia he 1,000 "mau alakaʻi ʻoki" (wire ends) i kēlā me kēia kaʻa i ka uwila. nā kaulahao.
HARNESS COMPLEXITY
Ma waho aʻe o ka helu nui o ka hoʻopau ʻana, pono nā mea hoʻolālā harness e hoʻoponopono i kahi ākea o nā koi no ka nui o ka uea, ka hilinaʻi o ke kaiapuni, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokomo ʻana, ʻoiai e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka harness, ke kaumaha, a me ke kumukūʻai.ʻO ka maʻamau, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā harnesses no nā hiʻohiʻona kikoʻī a i ʻole nā paepae.ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke kauoha ʻia ka hapa nui o nā hiʻohiʻona kaʻa me nā hiʻohiʻona koho, a i ʻole kahi hui o nā hiʻohiʻona.Hoʻohui kēia i kahi pae o ka paʻakikī no ka mea kanu hui - ka mālama ʻana, ka mālama ʻana, a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā pūʻulu harness paʻakikī.No laila, ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā harnesses e hoʻonui i ka maʻalahi o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana.
I kekahi manawa, hui pū ʻia nā hana he nui, me nā mea hana harness e hāʻawi ana i kahi kāʻei kino nui, a i ʻole nā hui paʻakikī ʻē aʻe me nā kaula he nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a ʻōwili pū ʻia paha.ʻO nā laʻana e pili ana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa puka a i ʻole nā harness mua i hoʻohana ʻia e kekahi mau hui.
NA KOI ILIILII KIEKIE
Kākoʻo kekahi o nā uwea i nā kaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona palekana koʻikoʻi.No ka laʻana, pono e hoʻokō nā wili no ka hoʻokele, braking, a me nā mana ʻenekini i nā koi hilinaʻi paʻa, me nā kikoʻī no nā pae wela, vibration, a me ka corrosion.Hoʻopili kēia mau koi i nā conductors, hoʻopau, a me nā mea lole.Hiki i nā kaʻa ke loaʻa he 30 mau mea hoʻohui i loko o nā ʻōnaehana e hoʻomalu i nā ʻeke lewa, ke kūlana noho, a me nā mea palekana ʻē aʻe.
Pehea ka hana ʻana i nā kāʻei?
ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka Harness nā mea a me nā kaʻina hana:
- ʻoki ʻana i ka uea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā lōʻihi i kuhikuhi ʻia
- ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻūhā ma nā wēlau
- ke kau ʻana i nā hoʻopau ʻana, nā pahu, a i ʻole nā poʻo
- hoʻonoho ʻana i nā lōʻihi o ke kaula i hoʻopau ʻia ma ka papa a i ʻole ke kiʻi
- ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā paʻi, nā paʻi, a i ʻole ka lipine e hoʻopaʻa i nā lōʻihi o ke kaula ma nā wahi kūpono
- e hoʻohana ana i nā paipu, nā lima lima, a i ʻole ka lipine no ka pale, ka ikaika, a me ka ʻoʻoleʻa
- hoʻāʻo a hōʻoia
Ma kēia papa inoa, ʻo ke kaʻina hana ʻekolu, ke kau ʻana i nā hoʻopau, he nui nā ʻanuʻu a me nā ʻano like ʻole e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka conductor a me ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻohui.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka hana hoʻopau ʻana i nā ʻano lapaʻau like ʻole no nā mea hoʻokele, crimping, hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a hoʻopaʻa ʻana, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kāmaʻa like ʻole, nā kiʻi, nā pahu, a me nā hale.
OLE OLE KA HANA MANUAL
Hiki i nā mīkini ke hoʻokō pono i kekahi o nā kaʻina hana harness i helu ʻia ma luna, e like me ka ʻoki ʻana, ka wehe ʻana, a me ka crimping.A i ʻole, nui ka hana e pili ana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā kaula a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā lako.Hāʻawi ʻo BMW i kēia ʻike ma ka wehewehe ʻana i nā mea hoʻopaʻa i loko o kāna mau kaʻa: "Ma muli o ko lākou paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe, ua hana ʻia nā mea hoʻohana uila ma ke kaʻina hana ma nā holo liʻiliʻi loa.Ma kahi o 95% o ka hana ʻana i hana ʻia e ka lima ma luna o nā papa hoʻolālā.
KE KAUOHA AINA ANA I NA LAKO WIRINGA
No ka mea he mea nui ka hana o kā lākou mau kumukūʻai hana, ua kūkulu nā mea hana harness i nā hale hana hou ma nā ʻāina me nā uku hana haʻahaʻa.Ke kūkulu nei nā mea hana Harness i nā hale hana hou ma ke ʻano o nā papahana hoʻonui a i ʻole he ʻāpana o nā papahana e hoʻololi i ka hana i nā mākeke haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.I kekahi mau hihia, pili ka pono o nā hale hana hou me nā hiʻohiʻona kaʻa hou a i ʻole nā mea kanu hui kaʻa hou.
Alakaʻi ʻo MEXICO I KA HARNESS EXPORT
Wahi a ka ʻikepili kālepa honua, 11 mau ʻāina i lawe aku ma mua o US $1 biliona o nā mea hoʻohana uwila kaʻa i ka makahiki 2013. ʻO nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma Mexico ka mea nui loa, ma US $ 6.5 biliona.ʻO Kina ka lua, me US $3.2 biliona, a ma hope o Romania, Vietnam, US, Morocco, Philippines, Germany, Polani, Nicaragua, a me Tunisia.Hōʻike kēia mau mea hoʻopuka kiʻekiʻe i ke kuleana o ʻEulopa Hikina, ʻApelika ʻĀkau, a me ʻAsia Hikina Hema i ka hana ʻana o ka harness honua.ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻo Kelemania he mākeke hana haʻahaʻa, aia kekahi o nā hui harness nui i ke keʻena poʻo, hoʻolālā a hoʻāʻo i nā labs, a me nā kikowaena logistical ma Kelemānia.(Paheʻe 7)
KE HANA O NA MAKEKE KUPUA
I ka makahiki 2003, he $14.5 biliona ka huina o nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku i ka honua, me ka US$5.4 i lawe ʻia mai nā ʻāina ma ka māhele mākeke holomua a me ka $9.1 biliona i lawe ʻia mai nā mākeke e kū mai ana.I ka makahiki 2013, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka honua me kahi CAGR o 9% i US $ 34.3 biliona.ʻO nā mākeke e kū mai ana ka hapa nui o kēia ulu ʻana, me ka piʻi ʻana o kā lākou hoʻoiho me kahi CAGR o 11% a i US $ 26.7 biliona.Ua hoʻonui ʻia nā mea kūʻai mai nā mākeke holomua me kahi CAGR o 4% a i US $ 7.6 biliona.
KA ULU ANA I NA HOOLAHA HOI
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻāina he 11 me ka 2013 mau mea hoʻoili kaʻa i ʻoi aku ma mua o US $1 biliona, aia he 26 mau ʻāina me nā mea hoʻokele waiwai ma waena o US $100 miliona a me US$1 biliona, a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe he 20 me nā mea hoʻoiho ma waena o US $10 miliona a me US$100 miliona.No laila, ua helu ʻia nā ʻāina he 57 no ka huina o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā mea hao i ka makahiki 2013 he $34 biliona.
MAKEKE ME NA HALE HANA HOU
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāina me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā harness ma waena o US $ 10 miliona a me US $ 100 miliona he mau mea hou i ka ʻoihana - ua hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana i nā harness i loko o ʻelua a ʻekolu mau makahiki i hala a ke piʻi nui nei.ʻO Cambodia, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻohe mea kūʻai aku a hiki i ka makahiki 2012, i ka wā i hoʻokumu ai ʻo Yazaki a me Sumitomo Wiring Systems i nā hale hana harness ma laila.Ua wehe ʻia ka hale hana ʻo Yazaki i ka hopena o ka makahiki.ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Cambodia he US $ 17 miliona ma 2012 a me US $ 74 miliona ma 2013, he 334% ka piʻi ʻana o kēlā me kēia makahiki.Ua wehe ʻo Ford Motors i kahi mea kanu hui hou ma Cambodia i ka makahiki 2013.
ʻO Paraguay kekahi mea hou.Ua wehe ʻo Fujikura i kahi mea kanu uwila ma laila i ʻOkakopa 2011 a hoʻonui i nā hana me kahi mea kanu lua i Kepakemapa 2013. He hale hui kaʻa hou ʻo Paraguay - kahi hui hui ʻo Dongfeng a me Nissan i hoʻomaka i ka hana ma 2011. ʻO nā mākeke ʻē aʻe e hōʻike ana i ka piʻi nui o ka ʻO nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ʻo Costa Rica, El Salvador, Egypt, Macedonia, Moldova, a me Serbia.
MAKAHI MA 75% O KA MAKEKE AUPUNI
Pono ka ʻikepili kalepa e hōʻike i ke kuleana o nā mākeke hana haʻahaʻa i ka ʻoihana hoʻopaʻa uila o ka honua, akā nui nā mea hana kaʻa e hoʻohana i nā mea hana i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina hoʻokahi.No ka laʻana, hōʻike ka ʻikepili kālepa i nā mea hoʻoili kaua ikaika mai Kina, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Morocco, a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe i loaʻa nā hale hana hui kaʻa a me nā kaʻa.Manaʻo ʻo CRU he $43 biliona ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohana uea i ka makahiki 2013, e komo pū ana me nā mea hana hale a me nā mea i lawe ʻia mai.
KA WAIWAI O KE KAA
Loaʻa ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ke kālepa honua ma ke ʻano o ka waiwai (US$) a me ke kaumaha (kg).ʻO nā ʻāina e like me Argentina, Kanada, Italia, Suedena, a me UK he mau mea kanu hui kaʻa a kaʻa paha akā ʻaʻohe hale hana harness.Ma ia mau ʻāina, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻikepili e pili ana i ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai o ka harness e ka helu o nā kaʻa i hana ʻia e kiʻi i ka waiwai awelika a me ke kaumaha o nā harnesses uwila no kēlā me kēia kaʻa.Hōʻike nā hualoaʻa i ka laulā ma waena o nā ʻāina like ʻole, e hōʻike ana i ka hui ʻana o nā ʻano kaʻa like ʻole a me nā papa kumu kūʻai (hiʻohiʻona) i hana ʻia ma kēlā me kēia ʻāina.
I ka makahiki 2013, no ka laʻana, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai o ke kaʻa mai US$300 no Argentina a ʻoi aku ma mua o US$700 no kekahi mau mākeke ma W. Europe.Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻokoʻa i ka hui ʻana o nā kaʻa kaʻa i hana ʻia, me nā ʻāina e like me Kelemānia, Suedena, a me UK me ka hapa nui o nā kaʻa papa nui a nani.ʻO ka awelika o nā kaʻa hoʻopaʻa lima ma Italia he $407, a ʻo ka hui ʻana o nā kaʻa liʻiliʻi, waena, a me nā kaʻa nui like me ka hui ʻana o ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
KE piʻi aʻe nei ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hana kaʻa
Ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka hui ʻana o nā ʻano kaʻa a me ka nui o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea lawe mai i nā ʻāina like ʻole, ua manaʻo ʻo CRU i ka nui o ka nui o ke kaʻa ma kahi o US $ 500 ma 2013. Ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia waiwai me kahi CAGR o 10% mai $ 200 i 2003. ʻike ʻia ma mua, ʻo ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai keleawe i hāʻawi liʻiliʻi i ka piʻi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai harness, akā ʻo ke kumu nui ʻo ia ka piʻi ʻana o ka helu o nā hoʻopau ʻana i kēlā me kēia kaʻa.
KAHIKI HARNESS MA TONA
I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili kālepa e pili ana i ka lawe ʻia ʻana mai o nā harness i nā tona, ua manaʻo ʻo CRU i ka awelika kilokani o ka uwila no kēlā me kēia kaʻa no nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa māmā i hana ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka makahiki 2013 he 23 kg.ʻO ka nui ma ka ʻāina mai lalo o 10 kg no kēlā me kēia kaʻa i kekahi mau mākeke e kū mai ana i loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā kumu kumu a i ʻole sub-compact, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 25 kg no kēlā me kēia kaʻa i kekahi mau mākeke holomua me nā kaʻa nui a me nā kaʻa ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
NUI KAA O KE KAA
ʻO ka awelika he 13 kg no kēlā me kēia kaʻa ma Argentina, 18 kg ma Italia, 20 kg ma Iapana, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 25 kg ma UK.Eia hou, ʻoiai ka laulā ma waena o nā papa kaʻa a me nā ʻāina, aia ke ʻano maopopo i ke kiʻekiʻe kg o kēlā me kēia kaʻa ma nā ʻāina āpau mai 2003 a 2013. ʻO ka awelika honua he 13.5 kg no kēlā me kēia kaʻa i 2003, 16.6 i 2008, a me 23.4 i 2013. ʻO ke kaumaha o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kēlā me kēia kaʻa e pili ana i ke kaumaha o nā uwea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ka hoʻopau ʻana, nā paʻi, nā paʻi, nā kaula kaula, nā paipu pale, nā lima lima, a me ka lipine.Hiki i ka nui o ka conductor mai 0.5 mm2 a oi ma mua o 2.0 mm2, ma muli o ka noi.
Na wai i hana i na harnesses?
Hana ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ʻoihana uila e nā mea hana ʻāpana kaʻa kūʻokoʻa a me nā ʻoihana loea i nā ʻoihana uila.I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua loaʻa i kekahi o nā ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa nui nā ʻoihana hana harness, akā ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kēia mau mea, i ka nui o nā hihia i nā loea harness nui.I ka hapanui o nā hihia, kūʻai aku nā hui harness i nā mea hana kaʻa he nui.ʻO ka papa kiʻekiʻe o nā mea hana harness e pili ana i kēia mau hui (ma ke ʻano alphabetical): Acome, Delphi, Draexlmaier, Fujikura, Furukawa Automotive Systems, Kromberg a me Schubert, Lear, Leoni, Sumitomo Wiring Systems, a me Yazaki.
Loaʻa i kēia mau ʻoihana nā hale hana harness ma nā wahi he nui.ʻO Yazaki, no ka laʻana, he 236,000 mau limahana ma nā pūnaewele 237 ma 43 mau ʻāina e like me Iune 2014. ʻO kēia mau ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe he hui pū kekahi a me nā mea pili i nā ʻāina he nui.I kekahi manawa he inoa ʻoihana ʻē aʻe nā JV a i ʻole nā hui.ʻO ka papa ʻelua o nā mea hana kaʻa kaʻa ʻo Idaco, Lorom, Lumen, MSSL (kahi hui pū ʻana o Samvardhana Motherson Group a me Sumitomo Wiring Systems), Yura a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Jun-23-2020